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Q: C++: when should I use metaprogramming with std::atomic What is the situation that std::atomic needs to be used without C++11 compiler features available and what is the situation that can be done in a safe and proper way? A: From the C++03 standard draft: 3.7.2 Atomic types 3 ... 10 The atomic_bool type is an integral type distinct from bool. In all cases, the layout of a bool and an atomic_bool is the same; for example, both have the bit pattern 1111 1010 1110 10000 as a fully-saturated representation. The atomic_bool type supports the usual arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (but not modulus). However, unlike boolean type, an atomic_bool can never be reduced to a bool (§ 2.13.1) even in the value category. So usage of atomic_bool is restricted to types where if two variables have the same value, they are indistinguishable from a human perspective. More broadly, you can say that any type that implements an atomic instead of a normal non-atomic class should be used with std::atomic, unless you have specific reason not to (for example, pointers to opaque structs). Exceptions sort of exist for atomic, but really be warned that they're an exception, rather than the norm. A: If you are asking whether you should use std::atomic, then yes: it is the modern way to do thread-safe atomic variables. d2c66b5586